SPH with Physically Consistent Contact Angles: Simulating Droplet Bouncing on Partial Wetting Surface

Numerical simulation of microfluidics on complex surfaces holds significant industrial and scientific value. However, existing numerical methods still face challenges in terms of both physical consistency and computational efficiency. This paper proposes a physically rigorous, computationally robust, and efficient smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework. Specifically, we introduce a nonlocal representation of attractive and repulsive forces across interfaces and systematically verify the consistency between the numerical method and the theoretical contact angle described by Young’s equation. Moreover, based on this framework, we simulate droplet bouncing on a surface with patterned wettability. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.